The BioInvestigationIndex (BII)

Title:

Expression profiling reveals elevated PTGDS (prostagladin D2 synthase) in bald scalp regions. [original title: Prostaglandin D2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia]

Organism(s):

Homo sapiens

Description:

Testosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. Here, we show that prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp compared to haired scalp of men with AGA. The product of PTGDS enzyme activity, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is similarly elevated in bald scalp. During normal follicle cycling in mice Ptgds and PGD2 levels increase immediately preceding the regression phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect on hair growth. We show that PGD2 inhibits hair growth in explanted human hair follicles and when applied topically to mice. Hair growth inhibition requires the PGD2 receptor G protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44), but not the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1(PTGDR). Furthermore, we find that a transgenic mouse, K14-Ptgs2, which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression to the skin, demonstrates elevated levels of PGD2 in the skin and develops alopecia, follicular miniaturization and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which are all hallmarks of human AGA. These results define PGD2 as an inhibitor of hair growth in AGA and suggest the PGD2-GPR44 pathway as a potential target for treatment. 5 individuals with Androgenetic Alopecia were biopsied at both their haired and bald scalp for mRNA purification and microarray (total 10 arrays)

Design(s):

transcription profiling by array

Experimental factor(s):

subject 5 recorded
1 2 3 4 5
haired or bald 2 recorded
Bald Haired

Publication(s):

Garza LA, Liu Y, Yang Z, Alagesan B, Lawson JA, Norberg SM, Loy DE, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Ahluwalia G, Fischer SM, FitzGerald GA, Cotsarelis G.
Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. PubMed:22440736

Sample attribute(s):

Material Type 1 recorded
total RNA
biopsy site 1 recorded
scalp
tissue 2 1 recorded
epidermis
subject 5 recorded
1 2 3 4 5
organism part 1 recorded
Scalp epidermis and dermis
tissue 1 recorded
dermis
Label 1 recorded
biotin
haired or bald 2 recorded
Bald Haired
Organism 1 recorded
Homo sapiens